Polyacrylamide, a water-soluble polymer, can improve oil recovery efficiency through a process known as enhanced oil recovery (EOR). There are several mechanisms by which polyacrylamide achieves this:

1. Viscosity Modification: Polyacrylamide can increase the viscosity of the water injected into oil reservoirs. This increased viscosity helps to improve the sweep efficiency by reducing the mobility of the injected water. The higher viscosity enables the injected water to displace oil more effectively, pushing it towards production wells and enhancing oil recovery.

2. Water Channeling Control: Polyacrylamide can control the permeability of the reservoir, particularly in highly permeable zones. By reducing the permeability of certain porous formations, polyacrylamide helps to divert the injected water flow away from the high-permeability channels (water fingers) and into the unswept areas of the reservoir. This way, it ensures more uniform and efficient displacement of oil.

3. Conformance Control: In some cases, oil reservoirs have heterogeneities or fractures that can cause water to bypass the targeted oil-bearing zones. Polyacrylamide can be injected to plug these high-permeability paths and divert the injected water into the desired areas. This technique is known as conformance control and helps improve overall oil recovery.

4. Clay Stabilization: Polyacrylamide can also act as a clay stabilizer. It prevents the swelling and migration of clays present in the reservoir, which could otherwise cause formation damage and reduce the permeability of the reservoir. By stabilizing the clay particles, polyacrylamide maintains the permeability of the reservoir and enhances oil recovery.

Overall, the addition of polyacrylamide as part of an EOR process helps to improve the mobility control of the injected water, reduce bypassing of oil, and maintain reservoir permeability. These factors contribute to increased oil recovery efficiency. It's worth noting that the effectiveness of polyacrylamide in enhancing oil recovery depends on various reservoir characteristics, such as reservoir type, oil properties, and injection strategies, which must be carefully considered during the planning and implementation of EOR projects

According to the "In-depth Research and Development Forecast Report on China's High-Strength and High-Model PVA Industry from 2024 to 2029" released by the China Industrial Research Institute, the global polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film market size will reach 13.827 billion yuan in 2023, and is expected to reach 13.827 billion yuan by 2029. , this market size will grow to 14.368 billion yuan, and the composite materials forecast within the year has been 0.65%. Although this data directly targets the PVA film market, the strong point is that as an important application field of PVA, its market size growth trend should be consistent with or more significant than the overall PVA market.

In China, the market demand for high-strength and high-modulus PVA fibers is growing rapidly. According to statistics from the China Chemical Fiber Industry Association, the actual output of high-strength and high-modulus polyvinyl alcohol fiber in my country in 2020 was 44,800 tons. With the advancement of technology and the expansion of the market, production should increase in recent years. In particular, China's PVA-coated high-barrier film market will grow by 19.2% year-on-year in 2023, and is expected to grow by 7.8% year-on-year in 2024. This data shows the rapid growth of market demand in this field, and also indirectly reflects high-end products such as high-strength and high-modulus PVA fibers. The market demand is constantly expanding.

With the continued growth of the global economy and the continuous advancement of science and technology, the demand for high-performance fiber materials in high-end fields has become increasingly prominent. Especially in the fields of national defense, aerospace and other fields, the demand for high-strength and high-modulus polyethylene fibers will continue to grow. At the same time, the demand for high-strength and high-modulus PVA fibers in many industries such as building materials, textiles, papermaking, and coatings is also expanding.

In the context of increasing global environmental awareness, the high-strength high-mode PVA industry will also develop in a more environmentally friendly direction. By adopting environmentally friendly materials and optimizing production processes, pollution emissions in the production process are reduced and resource utilization efficiency is improved.

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ElephChem Holding Limited, professional market expert in Polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA) and Vinyl Acetate–ethylene Copolymer Emulsion(VAE) with strong recognition and excellent plant facilities of international standards.

Polyvinyl alcohol, an organic polymer. The molecular formula of polyvinyl alcohol is (C₂H₄O), the degree of polymerization is usually 500 to 5000, and the molecular weight is usually 25000 to 300000. Polyvinyl alcohol at room temperature is a colorless, white or milky white amorphous powder, odorless and tasteless, but it decomposes Can produce irritating smoke and dust.

The physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol change with the degree of polymerization and alcoholysis. Generally, the density range is 1.19-1.31g/cm³, the melting point is 212-267°C, and the boiling point under standard atmospheric pressure is about 340°C. Polyvinyl alcohol is soluble in hot water, insoluble in gasoline, benzyl alcohol ketone and other general organic solvents, soluble in hot hydroxyl organic solvents (such as glycol, glycerin, phenol, etc.), and soluble in liquid at room temperature. Ammonia and dimethyl sulfoxide.

The chemical structure of polyvinyl alcohol is stable, but alcohol-related reactions can also occur based on its molecular structure. For example, polyvinyl alcohol can undergo esterification reactions with inorganic complexes and organic compounds, and acetalization reactions with various aldehydes.

Polyvinyl alcohol is produced differently from other polymers and cannot rely on the polymerization of single unit precursor monomers. Industrially, polyvinyl acetate is usually produced by polymerizing vinyl acetate, and then polyvinyl alcohol is produced by alcoholysis under alkaline conditions.

Polyvinyl alcohol has unique properties such as strong adhesion, film flexibility and smoothness, and is widely used in fiber manufacturing(0588, 1788, 2099, 2499, 2699), papermaking(2099, 1799), textile(1788, 2488, 2299), construction(0588, 1788, 2088, 2488), film or sponge(1788, 1799, 2088, 2099) and binder(0588, 1788, 2088, 2488),etc. many other fields.

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Modification of inorganic cementitious materials such as cement with polymer emulsion has been widely used. Since the water in the emulsion will immediately react with the cement after mixing the two and finally solidify, a two-component form is used in most cases. , measure and mix each component in proportion at the construction site. This brings inconvenience to the storage, transportation and construction of materials. The emergence of re-dispersible emulsion powder has changed the above phenomenon. Redispersible latex powder is a micron-sized thermoplastic resin powder obtained by spray-drying a polymer emulsion to remove water. It can be reduced to an emulsion after adding water.Due to this characteristic, it is widely used in single-component JS waterproof coatings, polystyrene board bonding mortars for building insulation, flexible surface protection mortars, polystyrene particle insulation coatings, ceramic tile adhesives, self-leveling mortars, dry-mix mortars, etc. It is widely used in fields that require modification of inorganic cementitious materials.

RDP is a polymer powder produced by spray drying of polymer emulsion. Polymer emulsions are mostly oil-in-water systems in which thermoplastic polymers with a solid content of about 50% are evenly distributed in water with fine particles (0.1-10 μm). After losing water, the polymer particles first form dense spheres and accumulate on the surface. Under the action of energy, discrete polymer particles form a continuous polymer body. To produce redispersible latex powder by the spray drying method, a layer of PVA protective film is added to the surface of the polymer in advance. Due to the existence of the protective film, the dry powders cannot merge. In order to prevent the rubber powder from agglomerating, some fine mineral powders are also added. , such as clay, etc. However, when redispersible latex powder is mixed with alkaline substances such as cement and water, the PVA will be saponified and adsorbed by the quartz in the sand and removed. The rubber powder that has lost its protective film can eventually form a continuous water-insoluble polymer. membrane.

The particle size of the rubber powder (5-250 μm) is much larger than the particle size of the polymer dispersed phase in the emulsion (0.1-10 μm), indicating that the latex particles will agglomerate during the spray drying process. In order to reduce the tendency of polymer powder to agglomerate during long-term storage, inert fluid materials such as clay, talc, silica and other fine particles are usually added to the dry powder as anti-stick fillers. The filler is determined according to the type of polymer and its glass transition temperature. The dosage is generally 8%-30% of the dry polymer powder, which is the main source of ash in redispersible latex powder. After redispersible latex powder is redispersed, the diameter of the latex particles becomes about (0.1-10μm).

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ElephChem Holding Limited, professional market expert in Polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA) and Vinyl Acetate–ethylene Copolymer Emulsion(VAE) with strong recognition and excellent plant facilities of international standards.

Vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer (VAE) emulsion is the abbreviation of vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymer emulsion. It is a polymer emulsion formed by copolymerizing vinyl acetate and ethylene monomers with other auxiliary materials through emulsion polymerization.

White latex is a water-soluble adhesive, a thermoplastic adhesive produced by polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer under the action of an initiator. Usually called white latex or PVAC emulsion for short, the chemical name is polyvinyl acetate adhesive, which is synthesized from acetic acid and ethylene to vinyl acetate, with the addition of titanium dioxide (low-grade ones add light calcium, talc, and other powders). It is then made by emulsion polymerization. A thick milky white liquid.

VAE emulsion has the advantages of permanent softness, water resistance, low temperature resistance, fast bonding speed, high bonding strength, and is safe and non-toxic. VAE emulsion is widely used in adhesives, exterior wall insulation, building waterproofing, coatings, composite packaging materials, building cement mortar modification, non-woven fabric manufacturing, paper coating and general adhesive for various polar and non-polar materials. Access and other fields.

The characteristics of white latex include normal temperature curing, fast curing, high bonding strength, good toughness and durability of the bonding layer and not easy to age. White latex is a widely used water-soluble adhesive. It is mainly used in wood bonding, construction industry, coatings, etc. It is also used in furniture assembly, surface repair, etc.

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ElephChem Holding Limited, professional market expert in Polyvinyl Alcohol(PVA) and Vinyl Acetate–ethylene Copolymer Emulsion(VAE) with strong recognition and excellent plant facilities of international standards.

Tertiary amines play a crucial role in various industries, offering a wide range of applications. One such remarkable compound is Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine, known by its CAS No. 61788-63-4. This unique substance has gained attention among Tertiary Amines enthusiasts for its exceptional features and benefits. In this blog post, we will explore the remarkable qualities that make Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine a must-have for professionals in the field.

The Versatility of Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine

Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine exhibits remarkable versatility, making it widely applicable across different industries. Its distinctive features enable its usage in various formulations, ranging from personal care products, cleaning agents, and agricultural solutions to textile processing.

1. Excellent Emulsifying and Dispersing Agent

Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine’s emulsifying and dispersing properties make it a valuable component in numerous formulations. It aids in the proper mixing of ingredients that are typically immiscible, leading to improved stability, uniformity, and functionality of the end products. This unique characteristic ensures superior performance, whether in cosmetics, paints, or pesticides.

2. Enhanced Softening and Antistatic Properties

Being derived from tallow, Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine possesses exceptional softening properties. Introducing this compound in fabric softeners or textile processing not only enhances the texture and feel but also improves the overall quality of the end products. Additionally, it acts as an effective antistatic agent, reducing static cling and ensuring a flawless finish.

3. Impressive Foaming and Cleansing Abilities

Due to its hydrophilic properties, Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine exhibits excellent foaming and cleansing capabilities. It is widely used in personal care products such as shampoos, soaps, and bath gels, where rich lathering and thorough cleansing are essential. Its ability to create stable foam contributes to an enjoyable sensory experience while leaving the skin feeling clean and refreshed.

4. Compliant with Environmental Regulations

In today’s world, sustainability and environmental responsibility are paramount. The good news is that Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine aligns with these concerns. It is biodegradable and poses minimal risk to aquatic organisms, ensuring that its usage has a reduced impact on our ecosystem. Professionals can confidently employ this compound, knowing that they are making a positive contribution towards a greener future.

Conclusion

Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine with CAS No. 61788-63-4 stands out as a versatile compound with a host of impressive features. Its emulsifying and dispersing properties, enhanced softening and antistatic abilities, foaming and cleansing powers, and environmental compliance make it highly sought after in various industries. As Tertiary Amines enthusiasts, integrating this compound into our formulations unlocks limitless possibilities for product innovation and superior performance. Embrace the unique benefits of Dihydrogenated Tallow Methyl Amine and elevate your professional endeavors to new heights.

To test the dissolution time of polyacrylamide (PAM), you can follow these steps:

1. Prepare a known volume of water or the solvent in which you plan to dissolve the PAM. It's important to measure the volume accurately for consistent results.

2. Heat the water or the solvent to a specific temperature, if required. Some PAM formulations might require elevated temperatures for efficient dissolution. Check the specifications or guidelines for the particular PAM you are using.

3. Slowly add the PAM powder to the water or solvent while stirring continuously. The stirring can be done manually using a glass rod or by using a magnetic stirrer.

4. Observe the PAM powder as it dissolves in the solution. Note the time it takes for the PAM to completely dissolve. You can consider it dissolved when there are no visible clumps or particles remaining.

5. Repeat the experiment multiple times to ensure consistency and accuracy. Take note of any variations in the dissolution time and average the results for better reliability.

It's worth mentioning that the dissolution time can be affected by various factors such as temperature, concentration of the PAM solution, and the specific formulation of the PAM. Therefore, it's crucial to maintain consistent experimental conditions when comparing different samples or performing subsequent.

In today’s fast-paced world, we are constantly seeking products that simplify our lives and bring convenience, efficiency, and style. That’s why we are thrilled to introduce three new innovative products to the market: Tag1, Tag2, and Tag3. Designed to meet the evolving needs of modern consumers, these cutting-edge solutions are set to revolutionize the way we live, work, and play. Let’s take a closer look at what each of these groundbreaking products has to offer.

1. Tag1: The Ultimate Smart Home Assistant

Are you tired of managing numerous devices separately in your home? Tag1 is here to change the game. As the ultimate smart home assistant, it seamlessly integrates all your electronic appliances and systems. With just a few voice commands or taps on your smartphone, you can control your lights, thermostat, security cameras, and more. Say goodbye to the days of fumbling with multiple remotes or searching for the right app – Tag1 simplifies your life, creating a more comfortable and connected space.

2. Tag2: Transforming Fitness and Wellness

Ever wished you had a personal trainer and wellness expert by your side whenever you hit the gym or need motivation to stay on top of your health goals? Well, look no further than Tag2. This revolutionary fitness companion is a comprehensive wearable device that monitors your heart rate, tracks your workouts, and provides valuable feedback on your progress. It also offers personalized coaching, guiding you towards a healthier lifestyle. From counting your steps to analyzing sleep patterns, Tag2 empowers you to optimize your well-being like never before.

3. Tag3: The Ultimate Travel Companion

Are you a frequent traveler, constantly in search of ways to make your journeys more enjoyable and stress-free? Tag3 is your answer. This state-of-the-art travel gadget combines multiple functions to enhance every aspect of your adventure, from booking your flights to navigating unfamiliar landscapes. With its built-in language translator, it bridges communication gaps wherever you go. The integrated power bank ensures your devices never run out of charge, and the compact design allows for easy packing. Whether you’re a globetrotter or an occasional traveler, Tag3 will forever change the way you experience the world.

In conclusion, the introduction of Tag1, Tag2, and Tag3 marks an exciting milestone in the realm of innovative products. With their cutting-edge features and user-friendly interfaces, these solutions are set to reshape the way we interact with technology and enhance our everyday lives. Whether it’s simplifying tasks at home, improving our fitness journey, or transforming the way we travel, these products offer endless possibilities. Say hello to a more connected, efficient, and enjoyable lifestyle with Tag1, Tag2, and Tag3. Embrace the future today!

Crystalline epoxy resin is a versatile material widely used in various industries. From high-performance epoxy resin to biphenyl phenolic epoxy resin, there are several types available on the market. In this article, we will compare and contrast different types of crystalline epoxy resins to help you make an informed decision.

1. High Performance Epoxy Resin: This type of epoxy resin is known for its exceptional strength and durability. It is formulated to withstand extreme temperatures, making it suitable for various applications such as aerospace and automotive industries. Its high resistance to chemicals and abrasion ensures longevity in demanding environments.

2. Biphenyl Phenolic Epoxy Resin: Biphenyl phenolic epoxy resin combines the properties of biphenyl and phenolic resins. This unique combination results in a resin with excellent heat resistance, flame retardancy, and mechanical stability. It is commonly used in electrical and electronic applications due to its exceptional insulation properties.

3. Tetramethyl Bisphenol Epoxy Resin: Tetramethyl bisphenol epoxy resin is formulated using tetramethyl bisphenol A, which enhances its resistance to heat and chemicals. This type of resin offers excellent adhesion, mechanical strength, and electrical properties. It finds applications in areas such as coatings, adhesives, and encapsulants.

4. BHQ Biphenyl Crystalline Epoxy Resin: BHQ biphenyl crystalline epoxy resin is developed using a blend of biphenyl and bisphenol A. It offers superior thermal stability and resistance to solvents and impact. This type of resin is commonly used in the formulation of advanced composites, where exceptional performance is required.

5. Crystal Epoxy Resin: Crystal epoxy resin is a clear, high-gloss resin commonly used for decorative purposes. It is often used in artistic projects, jewelry making, and casting. Crystal epoxy resin offers excellent clarity and UV resistance, ensuring your creations retain their beauty over time.

When choosing a crystalline epoxy resin, consider the specific properties required for your application and the environment it will be exposed to. High-performance epoxy resins are ideal for demanding industrial settings, while biphenyl phenolic epoxy resins excel in electrical applications. Tetramethyl bisphenol epoxy resin offers a balance of properties suitable for various applications. BHQ biphenyl crystalline epoxy resin is a top choice for advanced composites due to its exceptional thermal stability. Crystal epoxy resin is perfect for artistic and decorative projects where clarity is essential.

In conclusion, various types of crystalline epoxy resins offer unique properties and performance characteristics. By understanding their differences, you can choose the right resin for your specific needs, ensuring optimal results in your projects or applications.

To detect the solid content of polyacrylamide, you can follow the steps below:

1. Weigh an empty, clean, and dry container or crucible accurately and record its weight (W1).

2. Add a known amount of polyacrylamide sample to the container.

3. Place the container with the sample in an oven set to a specific temperature (usually around 105-110°C) for a specific time (typically 1-2 hours). The aim is to evaporate the moisture and volatile components from the polyacrylamide.

4. After the specified time, remove the container from the oven and allow it to cool in a desiccator.

5. Once the container has reached room temperature, weigh it with the dried sample and record its weight (W2).

6. Calculate the solid content using the formula:

Solid Content (%) = [(W2 - W1) / (W2 - container weight)] × 100

Where:

- W1 is the weight of the empty container.

- W2 is the weight of the container with the dried polyacrylamide sample.

- The container weight is the weight of the container itself, which should be subtracted to obtain the net weight of the dried sample.

This method provides an estimation of the solid content of polyacrylamide based on the weight loss after drying. Keep in mind that the drying conditions and time can vary depending on the specific requirements of polyacrylamide and the application for which it will be used.